Using electricity to heat up water was among the first uses of electricity by Thomas Edison and the electric kettle has become ubiquitous. But the possible electrocution of humans is low in the above but not so in the bathing water heater where the heating element through which up to 3.6 kW of electricity flows is covered with a copper tube upon which water flows over to get heated up. Even if there is a pin hole in the copper tube, water will enter it and be exposed to the full power and this electrically conductive water later flows to the human taking bath causing fatalities. The good brand of bathing water heaters takes care of safety by using as pure as possible copper which is in the same column as gold and silver in the periodic table where they share the property being more immune to corrosion. In this research and built up, a microcontroller controls the flow of water into a glass container placed within a microwave oven to get heated up. And this water later flows out to enable the human to bathe. This way, there is no possibility of electrocution of humans.

1. Wakiman, S.U.B, “Implementation of MCOP, Malaysian code of practice on electrical installations of buildings”, IET Conference Proceedings, p. 18-24, 2004, DOI: 10.1049/cp:20040770
2. Staff of the Malaysian Energy Commission, “Interview Conducted by Prashobh Karunakaran,” 7 September 2019.
3. P. Karunakaran, “Electrical Power Simplified,” vol. 4, Authorhouse, Indiana, USA, 2014, pp. 238, ISBN-10:1546262466, ISBN-13:978-1546262466.
4. E. M. Onyekachi and N. B. Nduka, “Empirical Analysis of Core Diameter and Insulation Thickness of House Wiring and Installation Cables in Nigeria,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 9, 2019.
5. M. Amanullah, “Engineering Ethics in Islam: An Evaluative And Comparative Study Between Code of Ethics of Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh (IEB) and Code of Professional Conduct of Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM),” IIUM Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 5, 2011, DOI: 10.31436/iiumej.v12i5.193.
6. P. Karunakaran et al., “Optimizing of Bathing Water Heater using Microwave and Microcontroller Technology,” in 2023 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), pp. 1-8, 2023, DOI: 10.1109/APSCON56343.2023.10101161
7. P. Karunakaran, “Electrical Power Simplified,” AuthorHouse, 2018.
8. A. Sukhnandan, “A theoretical and experimental investigation into fire induced flashover of high voltage transmission lines,” Doctoral dissertation, Academaia.edu, 2005.
9. J. E. Brittain, “Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: Albert W. Hull [Scanning Our Past],” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 635-637, 2010, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2041837
10. M. H. F. Wilkins, “John Turton Randall, 23 March 1905-16 June 1984,” Royal Society Publishing, 1987.
11. T. K. Sarkar and M. S. Palma, “A history of the evolution of RADAR,” in 2014 44th European Microwave Conference, pp. 734-737, 2014, DOI: 10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986539
12. J. M. Osepchuk, “The history of the microwave oven: A critical review,” in 2009 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 1397-1400, 2009, DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2009.5165967
13. S. Horikoshi et al., “Microwave as a heat source,” Microwave Chemical and Materials Processing: A Tutorial, pp. 1-17, 2018.
14. P. J. Kelly and R. D. Arnell, “Magnetron sputtering: a review of recent developments and applications,” Vacuum, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 159-172, 2000, DOI: 10.1016/S0042-207X(99)00189-X
15. S. Chandrasekaran, S. Ramanathan, and T. Basak, “Microwave food processing—A review,” Food research international, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 243-261, 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.033

Citations by Dimensions

Citations by PlumX

Crossref Citations

This paper is currently not cited.

No. of Downloads per Month

No. of Downloads per Country