Volume 3, Issue 2
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This edition presents a multidisciplinary collection exploring diverse domains. One paper elucidates how Building Information Modeling facilitates environmentally sustainable design in architecture and construction, enabling energy simulations and green certification compliance, though interoperability challenges persist. In semiconductor manufacturing, a study unravels the mechanisms of bromine-induced aluminum corrosion, filling a crucial knowledge gap for mitigating device failures. Concerning biology, anatomical research sheds light on the intricate musculature facilitating feeding in the ancient Australian lungfish. Furthermore, an innovative localization algorithm, integrating global positioning, tracking, and kidnapped robot resolution, promises enhanced reliability for mobile robot indoor navigation. These contributions exemplify interdisciplinary collaboration, offering valuable insights into contemporary challenges while pioneering novel solutions across fields. As editors, we commend the authors’ dedication to advancing scientific understanding and innovation.
Front Cover
Publication Month: February 2024, Page(s): i – iÂ
Editorial Board
Publication Month: February 2024, Page(s): ii – ii
Editorial
Publication Month: February 2024, Page(s): iii – iv
Table of Contents
Publication Month: February 2024, Page(s): v – v
BIM and Sustainable Design: A Review of Strategies and Tools for Green Building Practices
Muhammad Numan, Usama Saadat, Muhammad Usman Farooq
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(2), 1-7 (2024);
Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a robust foundation for driving sustainability across architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) practices. This paper presents a systematic review of literature elucidating the confluence of BIM tools and processes with accelerated performance simulations and green building certification systems needed to guide environmentally sensitive design. Integrated Revit-Insight 360 is shown to enable 21% lower energy use intensity (EUI) and 8.5% reduced lifecycle costs over baseline for an office building through rapid multi-objective optimization spanning orientation, envelope and HVAC properties. Enhanced integrated platforms perform detailed thermal zoning analysis capturing realistic solar gains and heat storage effects, right-sizing heating equipment by 7.2% over conventional workflows. Further, BIM automation mitigates nearly 50-80% of manual calculations for BEAM Plus, LEED prerequisites and accelerates documentation for certification. However, interoperability issues inhibiting holistic sustainability evaluations persist due to lack of modeling standards. Emerging tools exemplify modular green assessment connecting multi-vendor engines to resolve underlying technical barriers. As BIM object definitions and seamless analytical integration matures, widespread mainstreaming for sustainability is foreseeable. While current measured metrics revolve around energy use, emissions and green certification, future work needs to address social and economic indicators also enabled by data-rich BIMs. Nevertheless, coupled with continuous monitoring for validation, BIM provides the foundation for the AEC industry to progress towards comprehensive sustainable building lifecycles.
A Study on the Bromine-induced Corrosion/Defects in Wafer Fabrication
Hua Younan, Liao Jinzhi Lois, Zhu Lei, Liu Binghai, Li Xiaomin
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(2), 8-14 (2024);
For the semiconductor manufacturing processes, metal corrosion by halogen elements (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, and bromine) is always a critical issue. For the aluminum back-end-of-processes, these halogen elements tend to form aluminum halide defects on the surface of aluminum pads or aluminum metal wires, which can directly lead to the failure and reliability issues of the devices. While there have been some reports on the analysis and mechanisms of fluorine and chlorine pollution and their aluminum halide defects, there is a lack of research on the analysis and mechanism studies of bromine (Br) contamination and its associated aluminum bromide defects. In this work, we conducted the comprehensive study on Br-induced Al metal corrosion using Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM and EDS. Our study indicated that the Br-induced defects primarily consist of aluminum tribromide (AlBr3) and aluminum oxobromide (AlXBrYOZ), which are formed through a series of physical and chemical reactions. We propose a chain chemical reaction mechanism that is closely linked to the chemical corrosion processes induced by bromine.
Jaw and Tongue Muscles in the Australian Lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi)
Anne Kemp
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(2), 15-21 (2024);
The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, has several muscles associated with feeding. The massive adductor mandibularis muscle of N. forsteri, which closes the jaws, originates on the chondrocranium and inserts on the posterior aspect of Meckel’s cartilage in the mandible. The depressor mandibulae muscle, which opens the jaws, inserts on the medial articulation of the prearticular bones of the mandible and originates on the pectoral girdle. Oblique muscles, originating on the prearticular bone and inserted into tissues of the midline of the mandible, carry out the subterminal grinding movements of the mandible to masticate food. Separate muscles control the hyoid apparatus. Interhyoideus muscles originate on the posterior lateral aspect of the ceratohyal and insert on soft tissues medially to control fine movements of the tongue. The levator hyoideus muscle, originating on the posterolateral chondrocranium and inserting on the cartilage of the posterior ceratohyal, acts with the interhyoideus muscles to move the entire hyoid apparatus forwards and pushes the tongue, supported by the basihyal cartilage, into the space between the mandibular bones to facilitate suctorial actions of the jaws and draw food into the mouth. The paired geniocoracoideus muscle, originating on the pectoral girdle and inserting ventrally on the hypohyal cartilages and anterior ceratohyal bones, and the rectus cervicis muscle, also paired, originating on the pectoral girdle and inserting on the dorsal surface of the hypohyal cartilages, moves the hyoid apparatus into a resting position.
Robust Localization Algorithm for Indoor Robots Based on the Branch-and-Bound Strategy
Huaxi (Yulin) Zhang, Yuyang Wang, Xiaochuan Luo, Baptiste Mereaux, Lei Zhang
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(2), 22-42 (2024);
Robust and accurate localization is crucial for mobile robot navigation in complex indoor environments. This paper introduces a robust and integrated robot localization algorithm designed for such environments. The proposed algorithm, named Branch-and-Bound for Robust Localization (BB-RL), introduces an innovative approach that seamlessly integrates global localization, position tracking, and resolution of the kidnapped robot problem into a single, comprehensive framework. The process of global localization in BB-RL involves a two-stage matching approach, moving from a broad to a more detailed analysis. This method combines a branch-and-bound algorithm with an iterative nearest point algorithm, allowing for an accurate initial estimation of the robot’s position. For ongoing position tracking, BB-RL uses a local map-based scan matching technique. To address inaccuracies that accumulate over time in the local maps, the algorithm creates a pose graph which helps in loop-closure optimization. Additionally, to make loop-closure detection less computationally intensive, the branch-and-bound algorithm is used to speed up finding loop constraints. A key feature of BB-RL is its Finite State Machine (FSM)-based relocalization judgment method, which is designed to quickly identify and resolve the kidnapped robot problem. This enhances the reliability of the localization process. BB-RL’s performance was thoroughly tested in real-world situations using commercially available logistics robots. These tests showed that BB-RL is fast, accurate, and robust, making it a practical solution for indoor robot localization.
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