Volume 3, Issue 1
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This issue explores diverse topics spanning engineering, environmental science, hospitality, and conservation biology. An investigation into land grid array package failures highlights the criticality of substrate integrity and advanced testing methods. A proposal for a baggage cart with integrated weighing showcases innovative service design. The plight of the Australian lungfish underscores the profound impact of environmental changes on species survival, necessitating urgent conservation efforts. Additionally, a systematic review explores how Building Information Modelling can transform construction risk management across project lifecycles, despite change resistance and model reliability challenges. Collectively, these contributions exemplify the spirit of innovation driving progress across fields, offering valuable insights into complex challenges while presenting practical solutions.
Front Cover
Publication Month: January 2024, Page(s): i – i
Editorial Board
Publication Month: January 2024, Page(s): ii – ii
Editorial
Publication Month: January 2024, Page(s): iii – iv
Table of Contents
Publication Month: January 2024, Page(s): v – v
Application of deuterium Oxide (D2O) Isotope Tracing Technique for Land Grid Array Package Failure Analysis
Liao Jinzhi Lois, Liu Qing, Quan Jing, Ye Qing, Zhang Xi, Hua Younan, Li Xiaomin
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(1), 1-5 (2024);
A land grid array (LGA) is an integrated circuit design with a grid of contacts connected to other components of a printed circuit board. LGA is used for various high-speed and high-frequency applications due to its small terminal parasitic inductance. However, LGA packages are non-hermetic, as most the components of the LGA, like epoxy molding compounds, substrates, and resins are not airtight. These components can absorb moisture from working environment, and the moisture penetration will give rise to package reliability problems. In this study, a batch of LGA packages encountered electrical malfunction after Highly Accelerated Stress Tests (HAST) 85°C/85%RH reliability test 96 hours. The failure mode was causing the connected display panels showing white dots, as the LGA were used to control the external display panels. Although hot spot testing through thermal imaging was performed, it could not locate the failure point of the die. Traditional non-destructive tests, like X-ray inspection and Scanning Acoustic Microscopy techniques were also performed, but they could not detect any defect of the package which may be contributed to their detection limit. It is suspected that penetration of moisture into the LGA package caused electrical failure, however there is no direct proof to demonstrate this presumption. To solve above challenges, this work employed a new deuterium oxide (D2O) isotope tracing method. Both good and bad LGA packages were loaded in the HAST chamber in which normal water (H2O) was fully replaced with heavy water (D2O). Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was utilized to detected the D signal in the LGA package. By comparison, it was found that the moisture penetration through the via-resin interface of the bad sample was much faster than that of the good sample. Verification test was performed to replace the bad batch substrate (where moisture penetrated fast), and the new samples all passed the HAST test. It is confirmed that it is the via-resin interface in the substrate of the bad samples causing moisture penetration.
Baggage Cart with Weighing Mechanism for Hotels and Airlines
Vishal Verma, Kuldeep Kumar, Rashmi Aggarwal, Tanvi Verma
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(1), 6-10 (2024);
In this article, it has been proposed a functional design of Baggage Cart with Weighing Mechanism for Hospitality Industry based on empirical observations. This design is expected to promote and become one of the high demand products which can later be used especially by hotels and respective airlines. It has been often observed that travelers are always concerned about the maximum weight of their baggage allowed in order to board a flight. Because as per norms of airlines one needs to carry a specific amount of baggage in the flight, in case of extra weighed baggage carried by a guest, he/she is charged extra amount as per KG by the respective airline. Keeping this point in mind, travelers are always conscious about the weight of their baggage before boarding a flight to avoid the last-minute hassle of paying huge extra money, and sometimes they need to drop the necessary items out from the baggage to adjust the weight of the baggage. In hotels, a guest request to weigh his/ her luggage is dealt with in the following ways: The front office associate/porter first needs to fetch the baggage from the guest room and bring it up to the bell desk or need to drag it up till time office / receiving area where it is weighed on a heavy-duty weighing scale. It is the traditional way of measuring baggage. The traditional way is time-consuming, uncomfortable, and less suitable to support the need of the traveler. Hence, to minimize the time and efforts, we wanted to invent a mechanism that will help and reduce the burden of managing the separate weighing machine, and therefore we came up with a baggage cart with a weighing mechanism in it.
Four Rivers and a Reservoir – the Last Homes of the Wild Australian Lungfish
Anne Kemp
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(1), 11-19 (2024);
The environment of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, in south east Queensland, has changed fundamentally since white settlement, and this threatens the survival of the species. Some of the damage to lungfish habitats is the result of human determination to use water for the various needs of industry and people. Additional problems include droughts and floods, as well as loss of plant or animal biodiversity of value to basal fishes like lungfish. Submerged aquatic plants used by lungfish as spawning sites and refuges for the young have been significantly reduced, and food animals for adults and hatchlings are absent or much less common. Without appropriate nutrition for adults, eggs lack the right nutrients for young lungfish. They are unable to develop properly, and die at an early age. Populations of the Australian lungfish in south east Queensland are no longer reproducing sufficiently to guarantee survival of the species in wild habitats of south east Queensland. Lungfish have already died out in Enoggera Reservoir, one of the localities to which lungfish were introduced in 1896. Lungfish will soon be extinct in the four remaining rivers to which they are endemic, because so much biodiversity has been lost. They may survive for a while in the protected environments of zoological parks and aquaria, but not in the habitats where they evolved and lived for so long.
BIM and Risk Management: A Review of Strategies for Identifying, Analysing and Mitigating Project Risks
Muhammad Numan
J. Engg. Res. & Sci. 3(1), 20-26 (2024);
Construction projects involve numerous risks that can impact cost, schedule, quality, safety, and sustainability. Effective risk management is critical for project success. Building Information Modelling (BIM) offers capabilities that can transform risk management across the project lifecycle. This paper provides a systematic review of how BIM can aid core risk management processes including identification, analysis, response planning, and monitoring. An extensive literature review synthesizes key techniques and findings on leveraging BIM-based tools and workflows for construction risk management. Case studies provide practical insights on implementation. Expert interviews reveal real-world perspectives on opportunities and challenges. The findings indicate BIM enables automated and visualization-based risk identification across project stages. BIM supports detailed qualitative and quantitative risk analysis through model simulations and integration with key performance data. It facilitates scenario-based evaluation of risk response plans through impact analysis. BIM also enables real-time risk monitoring by connecting models to construction progress data and early warning systems. However, issues around change resistance, contractual alignment, model reliability, and integration with existing systems constrain the realization of BIM’s risk management capabilities. A conceptual framework is developed to guide workflows, best practices, and further research on BIM adoption for minimizing construction project risks.
